Anatomy of a Katana – All the Parts Explained (Plus Blade Steel Types)

Introduction

Whether you’re buying your first katana or customizing your own, understanding the anatomy of a katana is essential. From the razor-sharp blade to the hand-wrapped handle, each part plays a role in the sword’s performance, balance, and beauty.

This guide breaks down every component of a katana — and at the end, we’ll explain the most common types of steel (1060, T10, Damascus, and more) to help you make the right choice.

Main Parts of a Katana

1. Blade (Ha)

The heart of the katana. It’s a curved, single-edged steel blade designed for both cutting and slicing. A well-forged blade has a visible hamon — a wavy line that reflects the tempering process.

2. Spine (Mune)

The back of the blade, opposite the cutting edge. It helps balance the blade’s flexibility and strength.

3. Tip (Kissaki)

The pointed end of the blade, used for thrusting. A properly shaped kissaki is a mark of a high-quality katana.

4. Guard (Tsuba)

Located between the blade and the handle, the tsuba protects your hand and balances the sword. Some tsubas are minimalist, while others are ornate works of art.

5. Habaki (Blade Collar)

A small metal wedge that locks the blade inside the saya (scabbard) and ensures a tight fit. It also helps transfer force between the blade and handle.

6. Handle (Tsuka)

The grip section, often wrapped in cotton or leather over rayskin (samegawa). It’s built around a full tang and secured with bamboo pegs (mekugi) for stability.

7. Mekugi (Bamboo Pegs)

These hold the handle firmly to the blade. Most katanas use one or two mekugi for maximum safety.

8. Pommel (Kashira)

The end cap of the tsuka. Often matched in style with the tsuba, it provides counterweight and aesthetic finish.

9. Saya (Scabbard)

The wooden sheath that protects the blade when not in use. Traditionally lacquered and fitted with cord wrapping (sageo) for display or wearing.

Bonus: Blade Steel Types Explained

⚔️ 1060 Carbon Steel

This is one of the most common and reliable steels for functional katanas. It offers a good balance between flexibility and cutting power — perfect for beginners or casual practice. See a 1060 carbon steel katana

⚔️ 9260 Spring Steel

Known for high elasticity and resistance to bending, 9260 katanas are ideal for hard use or tameshigiri (cutting practice). Less traditional, but very efficient.

⚔️ T10 Tool Steel

A high-end steel known for exceptional edge retention and hardness. T10 katanas are battle-ready and often show dramatic hamon lines. See a T10 steel katana

⚔️ Damascus Steel

Not a steel type per se, but a forging pattern. Damascus blades are layered and folded to create a unique wavy design. Perfect for collectors who want performance with aesthetics. See a Damascus katana

Conclusion

Understanding the anatomy of a katana helps you appreciate both its function and craftsmanship. Whether you're customizing your own sword or choosing a ready-made model, knowing the role of each part will help you make informed decisions.

Looking to design your own blade? Try our Katana Customizer or browse the full Katana Collection to explore all materials and styles.